Class #27     ORGANIC CHEMISTRY  PART III

Historical Insight  Revisited

Formal (Wood) Alcohol  =>  Formaldehyde => Formic Acid


Grain Alcohol  =>   Acetaldehyde  =>  Acetic Acid    


Oxidation of Aldehydes produces Carboxylic Acids


      C-C-C-C=O   +    Oxygen   =>     C-C-C-C=O              (R-COOH)
                                                                     \ OH

        Butanal                                      Butanoic Acid


Common Carboxylic Acids


Alkyl Substitution of Ammonia produce amines

                                                                                      C
                                                                                       |
  C-C-C-NH2               C-C-C-NH-C                              C-N-C
                                                                                
   Primary                    Secondary                                  Tertiary
     Amine                       Amine                                       Amine
   (R-NH2)                     (R-NH-R)                                     (R-NR-R) 

propylamine          methylpropylamine                  trimethylamine
                                                                             
 



Organic Neutralizations:       

Carboxylic Acid  +  Alcohol   =>   Ester 

Carboxylic Acid  +  Amine     =>   Amide

     C-C-C-C=O           +     C-C-OH    =>    C-C-C-C=O 
                 \ OH                                                      \O-C-C

   Butanoic Acid           Ethanol             Ethylbutanate

      C-C-C-C=O        +     C-C-NH2    =>    C-C-C-C=O 
                 \ OH                                                     \NH2

   Butanoic Acid           Ethylamine            butanamide

   Important in chemistry of life would be amino acids uses to make protein.

 

 

                   Cyclic Componds

             Alkanes and Alkenes

             Cyclopropane                    Cyclopentane
                     C                                           C
                   /     \                                       /    \
                  C  _  C                                   C    C
                                                                 |      |
                                                                 C _ C


             Cyclohexene                       Cyclobutene
                      C                                        C = C
                   /     \                                       |     |
                  C    C                                     C _ C
                   |     |
                  C    C
                   \    //
                      C

                


              (Cyclohextriene)  Benzene  => Phenyl   Group (aryl-)  (Aromatic Compounds)



                         
                     Benzene  Functional Groups 

                      Toluene

                      Phenol

                  

 

 

REVIEW OF ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS